The Galápagos Islands (official name: Archipiélago de Colón; added Spanish names: Islas de Colón or Islas Galápagos) are an archipelago of agitable islands broadcast about the equator in the Pacific Ocean, 972 km (525 nmi) west of continental Ecuador, of which they are a part. Wildlife is its best notable feature.
The Galápagos islands and its surrounding amnion anatomy an Ecuadorian province, a civic park, and a biological abyssal reserve. The arch accent on the islands is Spanish. The islands accept a citizenry of about 23,000.
The islands are geologically adolescent and acclaimed for their all-inclusive cardinal of ancient species, which were advised by Charles Darwin during the boating of the Beagle. His observations and collections contributed to the birth of Darwin’s approach of change by accustomed selection.
MAIN ISLANDS
The 18 basic islands (with a acreage breadth beyond than 1 km2) of the archipelago (with their English names) apparent alphabetically:
Baltra (South Seymour) Island: Additionally accepted as South Seymour, Baltra is a baby collapsed island amid abreast the centermost of the Galápagos. It was created by geological uplift. The island is actual arid, and frondescence consists of alkali bushes, annoying pear cacti and palo santo trees.
Until 1986, Baltra Airport was the alone airport confined the Galápagos. Now, there are two airports which accept flights from the continent; the added is amid on San Cristóbal Island. Private planes aerial to Galápagos charge fly to Baltra, as it is the alone airport with accessories for planes overnight.
On accession in Baltra, all visitors are anon transported by bus to one of two docks. The aboriginal berth is amid in a baby bay, breadth the boats canoeing Galápagos anticipate passengers. The additional is a bear dock, which connects Baltra to the island of Santa Cruz.
During the 1940s, scientists absitively to move 70 of Baltra’s acreage iguanas to the adjoining Arctic Seymour Island as allotment of an experiment. This move had abrupt after-effects during the aggressive activity of Baltra in Apple War II; the built-in iguanas became abolished on the island. During the 1980s, iguanas from Arctic Seymour were brought to the Charles Darwin Research Station as allotment of a ancestry and repopulation project, and in the 1990s, acreage iguanas were reintroduced to Baltra. As of 1997, scientists counted 97 iguanas active on Baltra; 13 of which were built-in on the islands.
Bartolomé (Bartholomew) Island: Bartolomé Island is a agitable islet aloof off the east bank of Santiago Island in the Galápagos Islands group. It is one of the “younger” islands in the Galápagos archipelago. This island, and adjoining Sulivan Bay on Santiago (James) island, are alleged afterwards life-long acquaintance of Charles Darwin, Sir Bartholomew James Sulivan, who was a Lieutenant aboard HMS Beagle.[2] Today Sulivan Bay is generally misspelled Sullivan Bay. This island is one of the few that is home to the Galapagos penguin which is the alone agrarian penguin brand to alive on the equator. The blooming turtle is addition beastly that resides on the island.
Darwin (Culpepper) Island: This island is alleged afterwards Charles Darwin. It has an breadth of 1.1 aboveboard kilometers (0.4 sq mi) and a best distance of 168 meters (551 ft). Actuality fur seals, frigates, abyssal iguanas, swallow-tailed gulls, sea lions, whales, abyssal turtles, and red-footed and Nazca boobies can be seen.
Española (Hood) Island: Its name was accustomed in account of Spain. It additionally is accepted as Hood, afterwards Viscount Samuel Hood. It has an breadth of 60 aboveboard kilometers (23 sq mi) and a best distance of 206 meters (676 ft).
Española is the oldest island at about 3.5 actor years, and the southernmost in the group. Due to its alien location, Española has a ample cardinal of ancient species. It has its own brand of bedrock lizard, mockingbird, and tortoise. Española’s abyssal iguanas display a characteristic red blush change during the ancestry season. Española is the alone abode breadth the coiled accountability nests. Some of the birds accept attempted to brand on Genovesa (Tower) Island, but unsuccessfully. Española’s abrupt cliffs serve as the absolute runways for these birds, which booty off for their ocean agriculture breadth abreast the acreage of Ecuador and Peru.
Española has two company sites. Gardner Bay is a pond and snorkeling site, and offers a abounding beach. Punta Suarez has migrant, resident, and ancient wildlife, including blithely atramentous abyssal iguanas, Española bedrock lizards, awning mockingbirds, swallow-tailed gulls, blue-footed boobies, Nazca boobies, red-billed tropicbirds, Galapagos hawks, 3 brand of Darwin’s finches, and the coiled albatross.
Fernandina (Narborough) Island: The name was accustomed in account of King Ferdinand II of Aragon, who sponsored the boating of Columbus. Fernandina has an breadth of 642 aboveboard kilometers (248 sq mi) and a best distance of 1,494 meters (4,902 ft). This is the youngest and westernmost island. On 13 May 2005, a new, actual atomic action began on this island, back an ash and baptize breath billow rose to a acme of 7 kilometers (23,000 ft) and bedrock flows descended the slopes of the abundance on the way to the sea. Punta Espinosa is a attenuated amplitude of acreage breadth hundreds of abyssal iguanas gather, abundantly on atramentous bedrock rocks. The acclaimed flightless cormorants abide this island, as do Galápagos penguins, pelicans, Galápagos sea lions and Galápagos fur seals. Different types of bedrock flows can be compared, and the mangrove forests can be observed.
Floreana (Charles or Santa María) Island: It was alleged afterwards Juan José Flores, the aboriginal admiral of Ecuador, during whose administering the government of Ecuador took control of the archipelago. It is additionally alleged Santa Maria, afterwards one of the caravels of Columbus. It has an breadth of 173 aboveboard kilometers (67 sq mi) and a best acclivity of 640 meters (2,100 ft). It is one of the islands with the best absorbing beastly history, and one of the ancient to be inhabited. Flamingos and blooming sea turtles backup (December to May) on this island. The patapegada or Galápagos petrel, a sea bird which spends best of its activity abroad from land, is begin here. At Column Appointment Bay, back the 18th aeon whalers kept a board butt that served as column appointment so that mail could be best up and delivered to their destinations, mainly Europe and the United States, by ships on their way home. At the “Devil’s Crown”, an underwater agitable cone and apricot formations are found.
Genovesa (Tower) Island: The name is acquired from Genoa, Italy breadth it is said Columbus was born. It has an breadth of 14 aboveboard kilometers (5.4 sq mi) and a best distance of 76 meters (249 ft). This island is formed by the actual bend of a ample atrium that is submerged. Its appellation of “the bird island” is acutely justified. At Darwin Bay, frigate birds and swallow-tailed gulls, the alone nocturnal brand of dupe in the world, can be seen. Red-footed boobies, aliment terns, bedrock gulls, abutting birds, doves, storm petrels and Darwin finches are additionally in sight. Prince Philip’s Steps is a bird-watching plateau with Nazca and red-footed boobies. There is a ample Palo Santo forest.
Isabela (Albemarle) Island (Ecuador): This island was alleged in account of Queen Isabela. With an breadth of 4,640 aboveboard kilometers (1,792 sq mi), it is the better island of the Galápagos. Its accomplished point is Wolf Volcano, with an distance of 1,707 meters (5,600 ft). The island’s seahorse appearance is the artefact of the amalgamation of six ample volcanoes into a distinct acreage mass. On this island, Galápagos penguins, flightless cormorants, abyssal iguanas, pelicans and Sally Lightfoot crabs abound. At the skirts and calderas of the volcanos of Isabela, acreage iguanas and Galápagos tortoises can be observed, as able-bodied as Darwin finches, Galápagos hawks, Galápagos doves and actual absorbing lowland vegetation. The third-largest beastly adjustment of the archipelago, Puerto Villamil, is amid at the southeastern tip of the island. It is the alone island to accept the equator run beyond it. It is additionally the alone abode in the apple breadth a penguin can be in its accustomed abode in the Northern Hemisphere.
Marchena (Bindloe) Island: Alleged afterwards Fray Antonio Marchena, it has an breadth of 130 aboveboard kilometers (50 sq mi) and a best distance of 343 meters (1,125 ft). Galápagos hawks and sea lions abide this island, and it is home to the Marchena bedrock lizard, an ancient animal.
North Seymour Island: Its name was accustomed afterwards an English nobleman, Lord Hugh Seymour. It has an breadth of 1.9 aboveboard kilometers (0.7 sq mi) and a best distance of 28 meters (92 ft). This island is home to a ample citizenry of blue-footed boobies and swallow-tailed gulls. It hosts one of the better populations of frigate birds. It was formed from geological uplift.
Just arctic of the Baltra Airport is the baby islet of Arctic Seymour. Arctic Seymour was created by seismic uplift, rather than actuality of agitable origin. The island has a collapsed contour with cliffs alone a few meters from the shoreline, breadth swallowtail gulls and tropicbirds sit perched in ledges. A tiny backwoods of silver-grey Palo Santo copse angle aloof aloft the landing, usually afterwards leaves, cat-and-mouse for rain to accompany them into bloom. The island is abounding with life. While visiting the island, one may accept to accord way to a casual sea bobcat or abyssal iguana. Flocks of pelicans and swallow-tailed gulls augment off shore, and seasonally, Nazca boobies can additionally be seen.
North Seymour is an amazing abode for ancestry birds, and is home to one of the better populations of nesting blue-footed boobies and arresting frigate birds. Pairs of blue-footed boobies can be apparent administering their alliance ritual as they action anniversary added gifts, blare and honk, amplitude their necks appear the sky, advance their wings, and dance—showing off their ablaze dejected feet. Arresting frigate birds branch in low bushes, abreast the boobies, while watching over their ample chicks. The frigates are huge, aphotic acrobats with a 90-inch (2.3 m) wingspan. Male frigates can breath up their scarlet throat sacks to resemble behemothic red balloons. Boobies and frigates accept an absorbing relationship. Boobies are accomplished hunters and angle in flocks. The frigates by allegory are pirates, they dive bomb the boobies to force them to bead their prey. Then, the acrobatic frigate swoops bottomward and picks up the aliment afore it hits the water.
Pinzón (Duncan) Island: Alleged afterwards the Pinzón brothers, captains of the Pinta and Niña caravels, it has an breadth of 18 aboveboard kilometers (7 sq mi) and a best distance of 458 meters (1,503 ft).
Pinta (Abingdon) Island: Alleged afterwards the Pinta caravel, it has an breadth of 60 km2 (23 sq mi) and a best distance of 777 meters (2,549 ft). Sea lions, Galápagos hawks, behemothic tortoises, abyssal iguanas, and dolphins can be apparent here. Pinta Island was home to the aftermost actual Pinta tortoise, alleged Lonesome George. He does not alive on Pinta Island any longer, but at the Charles Darwin Research Station on Santa Cruz Island, breadth scientists are attempting to brand him.
Rábida (Jervis) Island: It bears the name of the abbey of Rábida, breadth Columbus larboard his son during his boating to the Americas. It has an breadth of 4.9 aboveboard kilometers (1.9 sq mi) and a best distance of 367 meters (1,204 ft). The aerial bulk of adamant independent in the bedrock at Rábida gives it a characteristic red color. White-cheeked pintail ducks alive in a abyssal lagoon abutting to the beach, breadth amber pelicans and boobies accept congenital their nests. Until recently, flamingos were additionally begin in the lagoon, but they accept back confused on to added islands, acceptable due to a abridgement of aliment on Rábida. Nine brand of finches accept been appear in this island.
San Cristóbal (Chatham) Island: It bears the name of the angel saint of seafarers, “St. Christopher”. Its English name was accustomed afterwards William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham. It has an breadth of 558 aboveboard kilometers (215 sq mi) and its accomplished point rises to 730 meters (2395 ft). This is the aboriginal island in the Galapagos Archipelago Charles Darwin visited during his boating on the Beagle. This islands hosts frigate birds, sea lions, behemothic tortoises, blue- and red-footed boobies, tropicbirds, abyssal iguanas, dolphins and swallow-tailed gulls. Its frondescence includes Calandrinia galapagos, Lecocarpus Darwinian, and copse such as Lignum vitae. The better freshwater basin in the archipelago, Laguna El Junco, is amid in the highlands of San Cristóbal. The basic of the arena of Galápagos, Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, lies at the southern tip of the island.
Santa Cruz (Indefatigable) Island (Galápagos): Accustomed the name of the Holy Cross in Spanish, its English name derives from the British barge HMS Indefatigable. It has an breadth of 986 aboveboard kilometers (381 sq mi) and a best distance of 864 meters (2834 ft). Santa Cruz hosts the better beastly citizenry in the archipelago, the boondocks of Puerto Ayora. The Charles Darwin Research Station and the address of the Galápagos Civic Esplanade Service are amid here. The GNPS and CDRS accomplish a tortoise ancestry centermost here, breadth adolescent tortoises are hatched, reared, and able to be reintroduced to their accustomed habitat. The Highlands of Santa Cruz action animated flora, and are acclaimed for the bedrock tunnels. Ample tortoise populations are begin here. Atramentous Turtle Cove is a armpit amidst by mangroves, which sea turtles, application and baby sharks sometimes use as a alliance area. Cerro Dragón, accepted for its flamingo lagoon, is additionally amid here, and forth the aisle one may see acreage iguanas foraging.
Santa Fé (Barrington) Island: Alleged afterwards a burghal in Spain, it has an breadth of 24 aboveboard kilometers (9 sq mi) and a best distance of 259 meters (850 ft). Santa Fe hosts a backwoods of Opuntia cactus, which are the better of the archipelago, and Palo Santo. Weathered cliffs accommodate a anchorage for swallow-tailed gulls, red-billed abutting birds and shear-waters petrels. Santa Fe brand of acreage iguanas are generally seen, as able-bodied as bedrock lizards.
Santiago (San Salvador, James) Island (Galápagos): Its name is agnate to Saint James in English; it is additionally accepted as San Salvador, afterwards the aboriginal island apparent by Columbus in the Caribbean Sea. This island has an breadth of 585 aboveboard kilometers (226 sq mi) and a best distance of 907 meters (2976 ft). Abyssal iguanas, sea lions, fur seals, acreage and sea turtles, flamingos, dolphins and sharks are begin here. Pigs and goats, which were alien by bodies to the islands and accept acquired abounding abuse to the ancient species, accept been eradicated (pigs by 2002; goats by the end of 2006). Darwin finches and Galápagos hawks are usually seen, as able-bodied as a antecedents of fur seals. At Sulivan Bay, a contempo (around 100 years ago) pahoehoe bedrock breeze can be observed.
Wolf (Wenman) Island: This island was alleged afterwards the German geologist Theodor Wolf. It has an breadth of 1.3 aboveboard kilometers (0.5 sq mi)and a best distance of 253 meters (830 ft). Here, fur seals, frigatebirds, Nazca and red-footed boobies, abyssal iguanas, sharks, whales, dolphins and swallow-tailed gulls can be seen. The best acclaimed citizen is the vampire finch, which feeds partly on claret pecked from added birds, and is alone begin on this island.
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MINOR ISLANDS
Daphne Major: A baby island anon arctic of Santa Cruz and anon west of Baltra, this actual aloof island appears, admitting unnamed, on Ambrose Cowley’s 1684 chart. It is important as the breadth of multi-decade finch citizenry studies by Peter and Rosemary Grant.
South Plaza Island (Plaza Sur): It is alleged in account of a above admiral of Ecuador, General Leonidas Plaza. It has an breadth of 0.13 aboveboard kilometers (0.05 sq mi) and a best distance of 23 meters (75 ft). The flora of South Plaza includes Opuntia cactus and Sesuvium plants, which anatomy a brownish carpeting on top of the bedrock formations. Iguanas (land, abyssal and some hybrids of both species) are abundant, and ample numbers of birds can be empiric from the cliffs at the southern allotment of the island, including abutting birds and swallow-tailed gulls.
Nameless Island: A baby islet acclimated mostly for scuba diving.